»Borojo
Borojo
patinoi
Is a tree between 3 to 6 m in height. The fruit is large, between 7 to 12 cm in diameter, green in color, and brown when mature. The fruit contains an average of 330 seeds.
Origin of Borojo:
Wild plant of the south and western basin of the
Amazon river, in the zone shared among Peru, Brazil and Bolivia. Borojo
patinoi is found in the region of Collided, on the peaceful coast of
Colombia. It is also found in the Darien jungle, at the border between
Panama and Colombia.
»Noni
Morinda
citrifolia
A number of nutritional supplements are available in today's health food stores. These are merely new discoveries of the old cures, of the old medicine. One such rediscovered natural health aid is Noni - Morinda Citrifolia
Knowledge of
noni's health benefits has been passed from parents to children for
countless generations in all the tropical countries. For
example, in Panama and Colombia, noni is a fruit which can be freely
purchased in the market place. Department stores offer both the noni
pulp and the noni juice.
The Following BOROJOA PATINOI Information Is A Summary Of Pubc Domain Documents, Our Investigation And Other Documents Provided To Us By Our Collaborators:
Scientific name: Borojoa patinoi.Family: Rubiaceous
Origin: Wild plant native of the west and south basins of the Amazon river, in the zone shared by Peru, Brazil and Bolivia. In the Choco zone, Darien jungle, Colombia’s Pacific coast, we find the Borojoa patinoi cuatr species. (2,3)
Botanical description:
The Borojoa patinoi is a shrub of 3 to 5 meters in height. Straight stalk, decussate leaves, with well defined stipule, coriaceous. Dioica plant. Masculine flowers in chapters, short calyx, prismatic or conic, generally actinomorphous, sessile, pentamerous and some times tetramerous without an ovary or, if it exists, it is rudimentary or non functional. The feminine flowers are lonely and terminal with two pairs of bracteal stipules and six longer stigmas; inferior ovary, with umbilical calyx at the base, six cavities and many ovules, corolla with six to nine petals, lineal stamen, empty or sterile. The fruit is a carnose berry from 7 to 12 cm. in length, an even diameter, being pluri form and generally flat at the apex, green in color at the beginning and light brown at maturity; pulp constituted by mesocarp and the endocarp, with no apparent separation from the shell, weight between 90 and 640 g, with an average of 330 seeds per fruit.
Composition:
The dietetic analysis showed that it is rich in minerals and basic oligoelements for human nutrition such as Iron, Magnesium, Calcium. Phosphorus, Aluminum, Sodium, Silica, Magnesium, Boron and Copper (2)
It also contains amino acids such as Tryptophane, Lysine, *Leucine, Alanine, *Isoleucine, *Phenylalanine, *Methionine, Tyrosine, Glutamic Acid, Serine, Glycine, Arginine, *treonine, Proline, *Valine, y Cystine (2,5)
* Essential amino acids.
Table No.1
Chemical composition of 100 g of edible part of Boroja patinoi (1)
|
Component |
Unit |
Patiño (1950) |
Romero (1961) |
Villalobos (1978) |
||
|
Water |
g |
- - |
64.7 |
55 |
a |
69 |
|
PH |
|
- - |
- - |
2.8 |
a |
3 |
|
Energetic Value |
cal |
- - |
93 |
0 |
a |
- - |
|
Carbohydrates |
g |
24.7 |
24.7 |
23 |
a |
32 |
|
Total sugars |
g |
- - |
- - |
4.2 |
a |
7.8 |
|
Reducing sugars |
g |
- - |
- - |
2 |
a |
6 |
|
Fiber |
g |
- - |
8.3 |
10 |
a |
15 |
|
Ashes |
g |
- - |
1.2 |
0.8 |
a |
1.2 |
|
Proteins |
g |
1.06 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
a |
1.3 |
|
Fats |
g |
0.02 |
0 |
0.7 |
a |
1 |
|
Calcium |
mg. |
23 |
25 |
|
|
- - |
|
Phosphorus |
mg. |
40 |
160 |
|
|
- - |
|
Iron |
mg. |
0.16 |
1.5 |
|
|
- - |
|
Thiamine |
mg. |
25 gammas |
0.3 |
|
|
- - |
|
Riboflavin |
mg. |
76 gammas |
0.12 |
|
|
- - |
|
Niacin |
mg. |
- - |
2.3 |
|
|
- - |
|
Ascorbic Acid |
mg. |
- - |
3 |
|
|
- - |
|
Vitamin C |
mg. |
3 |
3.1 |
|
|
- - |
|
Soluble Solids at 2 º C |
mg |
- - |
- - |
29 |
a |
41 |
Table No.2
The qualitative phyto-chemical function confirmed the presence of absence of the following secondary metabolites (2, 4)
| Tannins | + |
| Phenol Compounds | + |
| Flavonoids | + |
| Anthocyanins | + |
| Cardenolids | - |
| Alkaloids | - |
| Cyanogenics glycosides | - |
Medicinal properties and ethnic botanical study
It is traditionally used as a nutritional complement for its high nutritional value, rich in essential amino acids, oligoelements and minerals specially phosphorus. (2)
The borojo contains essential amino acids which can not be synthesized by the body and must be added to the diet, therefore it is recommended as cellular regenerator and collaborating in the post surgical recovery and in scaring processes (5)
The Borojo could be the new alternative in cancer treatment, thanks to the presence of secondary metabolites called sesquiterpenlactones, because they inhibit the cell growth in malignant tumors, which means that it could stop the metastasis (3)
The borojo is a fruit rich in phosphorus, the phosphorus is an energy generator through the ATP, which is vital to carry out any type of activity (2)
From the medicinal point of view, it has been a fundamental base of the cultural evolution of our people; since our native Indians (Chocoes) selected and adapted it to embalm cadavers, practice which is still carried out by the African American communities in the Rivers Atrato and San Juan. This was the first medicinal use for the Borojo fruit.
It was also used in this first stage as an initiation rite for puberty (in the form of an alcoholic beverage).
With the interaction between the Indian and the Native African, the domestication of the fruit advanced a lot and other uses appeared under the form of patches to cure the kidneys, lungs, to increase the sexual potency, used to fight malnutrition, etc. These uses became very popular among the people from Choco and the African natives. (1)
Toxicity:
There is no specific data for Borojoa patinoi, in Colombia it is recognized as food. (5, 6,7)
Bibliography
1. Mejía, M. 1984. Borojó. Fruta Ecuatorial Colombiana. Colombia Amazónica. Vol. 1 (2): 89-106 Bogotá, Colombia
2. Estudio de los frutos del borojoa patinoi cuatr. Revista química latinoamericana 17 / 3-4. Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín Colombia paginas 167-168. 1986
3. Aranzalez José A. El borojo, Diligencia de reconocimiento ante la notaria novena de Cali
4. Marcha fitoquímica realizada por laboratorios medick sobre una muestra de pulpa de Borojo en polvo según los lineamientos de los siguientes libros:
- Metodos de investigación fitoquimica. Xorge a Domínguez,
- Plant drug analysis, H. Wagner & S.Bladt. Agosto 2005.
6. http://www.fao.org. Consultation February 2005
7. http://www.fda.gov. Consultation February 2005
8.http://www.invima.gov.co/version1/consultas.htm. Consultation February 2005